1 The use of 'Spiritual' here does not mean 'religious'. Einstein's work, as well as others, indicates that nothing is destroyed or created — instead the energy or state of something is simply changed, and 'spirituality' here denotes that intangible part of us which is continuous, whatever that is, or means.

2 The Universal Hierarchy of Motivation profile above is a more complete assessment of fundamental motivations than found in typical psychological models such as the "3F's of Motivation" — Feeding, Fighting and ... Fun. The 3F's are important drivers in our lives and they correspond to the Levels of Survival, Power and Pleasure, respectively. However, they miss four other critical motivations — the ‘will’ to Compassion, Courage, Wisdom and Meaning. (Another ‘F’ of Motivation – Flight – also corresponds to the Level of Survival.)

3 This is referenced from Eastern Body Western Mind (Psychology and the Chakra System as a Path to the Self) by Anodea Judith (see www.tenspeed.com).

4 This model on leadership and influence is taken from the book A Himalayan Trinity by Mark Kingsley. See also the associated web site at www.himalayantrinity.info.

5 This is adapted from Susan M Nash's work. She is the founder of EM-Power and author of Turning Team Performance Inside Out: Team Types and Temperaments for High Impact Results. Email address:smnash@aol.com.

6 This is adapted from Introduction to Type: A Guide to Understanding Your Results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indication by Isabel Briggs Myers. And also the Strong Interest Inventory® www.cpp.com.

7 There is some dispute as to whether we are most attracted to 'opposites' or those who are similar to us. Otto Kroeger is an expert in typology, and has a wealth of experience and research suggesting the former — which is what The Universal Hierarchy of Motivation identifies. Research on married couples which indicates that people tend to marry similar types (e.g. see page 243; MBTI Manual (A guide to the development and use of the Myers Briggs type indicator) (3rd ed) by Isabel Briggs Myers, Mary H. McCaulley, Naomi L. Quenk, Allen L. Hammer may just be including people after they have had several relationships in the past. In this case they may choose to settle for someone more similar after having found it too hard to live with those they are most attracted to! Therefore studies using married couples do not necessarily assess the extent of innate attraction.

8 Mark Oliver independently identified the four fundamental human intelligences, including Physical Intelligence, first indirectly in the book A Himalayan Trinity published in 2003; then directly in this on-line questionnaire which was created and first available in 2004. Stephen R. Covey published his book The 8th Habit - From Effectiveness to Greatness in 2005 which also identifies the same four intelligences and includes Physical Intelligence.

9 In the book Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice, the Harvard psychologist, Howard Gardner described his belief that there are seven kinds of intelligence (The Universal Hierarchy of Motivation intelligence which Gardner's intelligence correlates with is shown in brackets):

• linguistic (=EQ),
• logical-mathematical (=IQ),
• bodily-kinaesthetic (=PQ),
• spatial (=PQ),
• musical (this can be a combination of all or any of the four fundamental types of intelligence depending on the type of music and aspect concerned; e.g. playing, relating to, interpreting, composing, etc.),
• interpersonal (=EQ),
• intrapersonal (=SQ).

Conversely, Daniel Goleman, PhD and CEO of Emotional Intelligence Services, talks about only two intelligences — IQ and EQ (Emotional Quotient) — in his book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ by Daniel Goleman.
Danah Zohar, who teaches in Strategic Leadership Management at Oxford University, puts forward her case in SQ: The Ultimate Intelligence by Danah Zohar and Ian Marshall, for three, and only three, intelligences which are derived from the basic neural systems of the brain — IQ, EQ and SQ (Spiritual Intelligence). She says that Gardner's Seven Intelligences are variations of these three basic intelligences.
Each of these 'intelligences' can be developed. Some ideas on how to do so are in the book A Himalayan Trinity by Mark Kingsley. Also see the associated web site www.himalayantrinity.info.

10 Adapted from the ‘trolley’ problem introduced into moral philosophy by Philippa Foot.

11 Mayer, JD & Salovey P (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P Salovey & D Sluyter (Eds). Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications (pp 3-31). New York: Basic Books. p11.

12 See Good to Great by Jim Collins; published by Random House. In this book the author identifies 7 key characteristics which transformed companies from average companies to great ones. While there were three broad stages: disciplined people, disciplined thought and disciplined action, the first requirement was what he called Level 5 leadership.

13 The five levels of leadership/management identified in this section of the UHM are:

• Executive Leader (normally leads at UHM levels 4-7)
• Accomplished Leader (commonly leads at UHM levels 4-7)
• Appropriate Leader (occasionally leads at UHM levels 4-7)
• Effective Manager (rarely leads at UHM levels 4-7)
• Efficient Manager (very unlikely to lead at UHM levels 4-7)

14 Martin Seligman’s recent research published in his book Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being has validated the great insights Viktor Frankl presented 70 years before in his book Man's Search for Meaning.

15 See Awakening the Heroes Within by Carol S. Pearson.

16 After: Bronnie Ware, Australian writer, singer/songwriter, song writing teacher and speaker – see www.inspirationandchai.com.

17 The 'type' of journey is adapted from the Four Spiritualities: Expressions of Self, Expressions of Spirit: A Psychology of Contemporary Spiritual Choice by Peter Tufts Richardson.

18 More information is available in David Keirsey's book Please Understand Me II.

19 Despite beliefs in some psychology circles to the contrary, there is much evidence to support this. For instance see New Scientist: 15 March 2003: Inside Science 159. Together we are stronger. "Was Darwin wrong? Wherever you look, it's cooperation not selfishness that reigns supreme." James Randerson explains how team spirit evolved. Also "The facts are clear,’ Ernest Fehr [of the University of Zurich in Switzerland] says. ‘Many people are willing to cooperate and to punish those who don't, even when no gain is possible.” This tendency – which researchers call ‘strong reciprocity’’ – throws into question the assumption that apparently selfless behaviour must have a selfish explanation… There appears to be something deep within us that drives us to help others – even strangers. See New Scientist; 12 March 2005 pp 33-37 Charity Begins at Homo Sapiens. Also see New Scientist ; 11 November 2006 pp 56 & 57 Survival of the nicest. This article discusses why altruism can be supported in evolutionary terms and provides a mathematical equation for it, known as Hamilton's rule: that natural selection favours altruism when r x b > c. Where c = the cost of altruism to the altruist, b = the benefit that a recipient of altruism receives, and r = their genetic relatedness.

20 The Human Brain by John E Pfeiffer. However, more recent research suggests that the time period for the regeneration of the human body differs for different parts of it; for instance the outer layer of the skin is completely renewed in 2 weeks, the red blood cells in 120 days, and the bone in 10 years, but the cerebellum is only slightly younger than the person. See New Scientist; 17 June 2006 pp 50-53 The many ages of man.